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Indexed by:期刊论文

Date of Publication:2022-06-29

Journal:Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

Volume:15

Issue:6

Page Number:175-185

ISSN No.:1673-5897

Key Words:"tap water; metals; health risks; standard comparison; uncertainty; Monte Carlo simulation"

CN No.:11-5470/X

Abstract:Tap water is a main source of drinking water for Chinese families,and the quality of tap water is closely related to the health of residents.In this study,38 tap water samples were collected from Dalian,China to analyze 29 metal elements.A total of 19 metals were detected with the mean concentration for each metal ranging from 0.0 2 to 4.25*10~3 mug·L~(-1),including Li,B,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Ni,Co,Cu,Zn,Ga,Se,Rb,Sr,Ba,Mg,K,Fe and Hg.A total of 11 heavy metals were detected with the mean concentration ranging from 0.02 mug·L~(-1) to 42.63 mug·L~(-1).The concentrations of metals detected in Dalian tap water were compared with the drinking water standards provided by China,World Health Organization(WHO),United States of America(USA)and European Union(EU).The concentrations of metals in Dalian tap water have not exceeded the limit of the drinking water standards,except for Mn and Fe.We also comprehensively reviewed previous studies on the levels of toxic heavy metals found in drinking water.In addition,based on health risk assessment model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA),non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of metals to local residents were assessed by considering oral and dermal intake.To cope with the uncertainty of parameters in the process of health risk assessment,the health risk assessment was conducted using the Monte Carlo simulation method.The cumulative noncarcinogenic risk index(HI)of residual metals in tap water of Dalian was 0.320.19 and can be negligible.Based on Monte Carlo simulation,the HI value was predicted to range from 0.10(5th percentile)to 0.69(95th percentile).The results of carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk of Cr in the tap water ranged from 0 to 4.1*10~(-5)(max).We assumed the concentration of Cr was fully contributed by Cr(Ⅵ),which might overestimate the carcinogenic risk caused by Cr.Therefore,it is necessary to pay more attention to the levels of Cr in different valent in Dalian tap water.

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