Indexed by:Journal Papers

Date of Publication:2019-10-02

Journal:SENSORS

Included Journals:PubMed、EI、SCIE

Volume:19

Issue:20

Key Words:pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR); indoor localization; pedestrian navigation; barometer; map matching; particle filter; gait analysis; inertial measurement unit (IMU); inertial sensor; inertial navigation system (INS)

Abstract:Combining research areas of biomechanics and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) provides a very promising way for pedestrian positioning in environments where Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are degraded or unavailable. In recent years, the PDR systems based on a smartphone's built-in inertial sensors have attractedmuch attention in such environments. However, smartphone-basedPDR systems are facing various challenges, especially the heading drift, which leads to the phenomenon of estimated walking path passing through walls. In this paper, the 2D PDR system is implemented by using a pocket-worn smartphone, and then enhanced by introducing a map-matching algorithm that employs a particle filter to prevent the wall-crossing problem. In addition, to extend the PDR system for 3D applications, the smartphone's built-in barometer is used to measure the pressure variation associated to the pedestrian's vertical displacement. Experimental results show that the map-matching algorithm based on a particle filter can effectively solve the wall-crossing problem and improve the accuracy of indoor PDR. By fusing the barometer readings, the vertical displacement can be calculated to derive the floor transition information. Despite the inherent sensor noises and complex pedestrian movements, smartphone-based 3D pedestrian positioning systems have considerable potential for indoor location-based services (LBS).